Mitochondrial peptides in laboratory models

Research-use notice: This page is a laboratory mechanism note. It is not medical or veterinary advice, and it does not include personal-use steps. BlueNex Labs materials are research use only. Research-use-only labelling is not a Health Canada authorization and it does not create a Drug Identification Number.

Mitochondrial peptide is a class, not a SKU. It covers two ideas that purchasing offices often mix. The first is a peptide encoded by a short open reading frame in mitochondrial DNA. The second is a synthetic sequence discussed as associating with mitochondrial membranes. The glossary entry draws that line. This page walks the live catalogue across it, including the reagents on the same shelf that are not peptides at all.

MOTS-c is a mitochondrial open reading frame

Lee and colleagues reported a 16-amino-acid peptide encoded by a short open reading frame in the mitochondrial 12S rRNA and named it MOTS-c, mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA type-c (Cell Metabolism, 2015, PMID 25738459). They discussed cellular actions in the folate cycle and AMPK in the systems they measured. This page cites that paper for the sequence's origin and for the kind of cellular-energy model the authors used. It does not restate the paper's animal endpoints as a property of a BlueNex Labs vial, and it does not provide a method.

For the compound guide, see What is MOTS-c?. For the shop pages, see MOTS-c 10 mg and MOTS-c 40 mg. For the glossary line, see MOTS-c. A 16-residue chain has a calculated mass. LC-MS is the identity check against that mass. The older class roundup, mitochondrial peptides as a research class, still points here and at the compound notes. Use the specific URL when the study file names one sequence.

SS-31 is a synthetic tetrapeptide

SS-31, also discussed as elamipretide and as a Szeto–Schiller peptide, is four residues, not sixteen. Published descriptions place it at the inner mitochondrial membrane and mention cardiolipin association. That is a different experimental object from a mitochondrial open reading frame. For the shop pages, see SS-31 10 mg and SS-31 50 mg. A report for one fill does not document the other. For the compound note, see What is SS-31?. For the glossary line, see SS-31.

Because both names appear in "mitochondrial" searches, receiving errors are usually name errors, not chromatography errors. Write MOTS-c or SS-31 on the line before you attach a PDF. The masses are far enough apart that a correct mass result will disagree if the wrong PDF was filed. Believe the mass and the sample name together.

Cofactors and reagents that share the route

NAD+ 500 mg and NAD+ 1000 mg are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a redox cofactor, not an amino-acid chain. For the note that separates that literature from consumer IV marketing, see NAD+ in energy-metabolism research. The glossary calls it a cofactor on purpose. AICAR is an AMPK-pathway reagent used as a control in some energy-metabolism protocols. It is not a mitochondrial-encoded peptide. Epithalon is a tetrapeptide with its own guide, What is Epithalon?, and it is not an open reading frame of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA.

Kisspeptin, vitamin B12, and L-carnitine can appear on the mitochondrial category hub because of catalogue taxonomy. They are not the class this page defines. A MOTS-c certificate does not document them. If the grid shows a cofactor beside a peptide, that is the catalogue, not evidence that the molecules are the same.

Humanin is a citation, not a SKU

The 2015 MOTS-c paper mentions humanin as an earlier peptide encoded by a short open reading frame in mitochondrial DNA. Humanin is part of that history. It is not a BlueNex Labs shop URL, and this page does not create one. If a protocol names humanin, MOTS-c and SS-31 are not substitutes for it, and calling any of them a "mitochondrial peptide" does not make them the same molecule. The same rule runs in the other direction. Epithalon's tetrapeptide note stays on its own guide. AICAR stays a reagent. NAD+ stays a cofactor. Class words are for the hub. Sequence words are for the vial.

A useful receiving line for this shelf has five fields: SKU, milligram fill or cofactor amount, lot or the statement that no lot is published, observed mass if the file has one, and storage location after receipt. The storage guide covers the last field for lyophilized solids. It still does not set a solvent volume, and it does not apply a peptide chromatogram to a cofactor bottle.

Storage, lots, and domestic shipping

These vials are lyophilized or otherwise supplied as research solids and cofactor fills with their own labels. Open the parcel the day it arrives and match each label to the order. How to read a peptide COA covers the peptide lots. A peptide area percent does not document NAD+ or AICAR. Where a library anchor exists, use that anchor only.

Fulfilment is Canada-only Xpresspost after Interac checkout, as written in the procurement guide. Sold-out SS-31 sizes can remain on the page. A sold-out flag is not a backorder and it does not turn MOTS-c into a substitute. Research use only. Not for human or veterinary use.

Sixteen residues, four residues, and the reagents that are neither

MOTS-c, as Lee and colleagues named it, is the 16-residue peptide from a short open reading frame in mitochondrial 12S rRNA. SS-31 is a synthetic tetrapeptide discussed at the inner mitochondrial membrane. The residue counts are far enough apart that a correct mass result will disagree if the wrong PDF was filed. Write MOTS-c or SS-31 on the receiving line before you attach a file. MOTS-c 10 mg and MOTS-c 40 mg are separate fills. SS-31 10 mg and SS-31 50 mg are separate fills. A report for one fill does not document the other fill of the same common name.

Humanin appears in that 2015 paper as an earlier mitochondrial open reading frame peptide. It is not a shop URL. MOTS-c and SS-31 do not stand in for Humanin, and the phrase "mitochondrial peptide" does not make that substitution an identity. NAD+ is a redox cofactor. AICAR is an AMPK-pathway reagent. Epithalon is a different tetrapeptide with its own guide. The category hub can show those cards beside the peptides. The grid is the catalog. It is not evidence that the molecules share a certificate.

A useful line for this shelf has five fields: SKU, milligram fill or cofactor amount, lot or the statement that no lot is published, observed mass if the file has one, and storage location after receipt. The storage guide covers the last field for lyophilized solids. It does not set a solvent volume, and it does not apply a peptide chromatogram to a cofactor bottle.